This is gonna be a big ass post with a summary of what each mod does and links to decent wikis (where applicable)
Keep in mind that some of these mods won't have default settings, and may not have everything enabled.
- Applied Energistics 2 http://ae-mod.info/
- Ars Magica 2 http://am2.wikia.com/wiki/Ars_Magica_2_Wiki
- Artifice http://hexxit.wikia.com/wiki/Artifice
- Backpacks http://www.minecraftmods.com/backpack-mod/
- Better Furnaces http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1279439-better-furnaces-mod
- Better Storage http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/wip-mods/1442380-betterstorage-0-13-1-126-wip
- Bibliocraft http://www.bibliocraftmod.com/
- Bibliowoods http://www.bibliocraftmod.com/?page_id=50
- Blood Magic http://ftbwiki.org/Blood_Magic
- Botania http://botaniamod.net/
- Carpenters Blocks http://www.carpentersblocks.com/
- Chisel http://www.curse.com/mc-mods/minecraft/225236-chisel-2
- ChocoCraft http://hexxit.wikia.com/wiki/Chococraft
- Chocolate Quest http://chocolatequest.wikia.com/wiki/The_Chocolate_Quest_Wiki
- Code Chicken Core http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1279956-chickenbones-mods
- CoFH (I think this is just behind-the-scenes stuff)
- Cosmetic Armor http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/2287519-cosmetic-armor-v1-0-5-because-its-important-to-be
- Cyan Warrior Swords http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1288493-1-7-10-1-6-4-forge-combat-cyan-warrior-swords-mod
- Damage Indicators http://minecraftsix.com/damage-indicators-mod/
- Enchanting Plus http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1286469-enchanting-plus
- Extrabiomes XL http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1282126-extrabiomesxl-universal-3-16-2-for-mc-1-7-10
- Extra Utilities http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/wip-mods/1443963-extra-utilities-v1-1-0k
- Flesh2Leather -> Just lets you burn rotten flesh to make leather (and leather to make rotten flesh if you so desire)
- Forbidden Magic http://minecraft.curseforge.com/mc-mods/224237-forbidden-magic
- Hexxit Gear http://hexxit.wikia.com/wiki/Hexxit_Gear
- Immibis Core http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1281065-immibiss-mods-now-with-85-7-less-version-numbers
- Immibis Microblocks - See Above
- Infernal Mobs - See Above
- Inventory Tweaks https://inventory-tweaks.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
- Iron Chest http://www.9minecraft.net/iron-chests-mod/
- Loot Bags http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1292733-1-7-10-forge-carbonization-malcore-and-lootbags
- Mantle (Supporting package)
- Map Writer http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1286882-mapwriter-an-open-source-mini-map
- More Bows 2 http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/2246038-more-bows-2
- More Swords Mod http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1282601-more-swords-mod
- Natura http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1294968-natura
- NEI Addons
- NEI
- ObsidiPlates http://ftb.gamepedia.com/ObsidiPlates
- Open Blocks
- Pam's HarvestCraft http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1294413-pams-mods-april-8th-harvestcraft-1-7-10h-random
- Reliquary http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1293185-v1-1-2-reliquary
- Ruins http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1282339-ruins-structure-spawning-system
- Secret Rooms Mod http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1276042-v4-7-1-beta-secretroomsmod-malsis-doors-compat
- So Much Armor http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1294332-so-much-armor-mod-update-2-1-new-armor
- Soul Shards The Old Ways http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/wip-mods/2329877-soul-shards-the-old-ways-rc9-update
- Tinkers Construct http://tinkers-construct.wikia.com/wiki/Tinkers%27_Construct_Wiki
- Thaumcraft http://thaumcraft-4.wikia.com/wiki/Thaumcraft_4_Wiki
- Thaumcraft NEI
- Thaumic Energistics http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/wip-mods/2150151-1-7-10-tc4-ae2-thaumic-energistics
- Thaumic Tinkerer http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1289299-thaumic-tinkerer-thaumcraft-addon-evolve-knowledge
- TiC Tooltips
- Treecapitator - Axes cut the entire tree, aim for the bottom.
- Twilight Forest - http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1276258-the-twilight-forest-v2-3-5-wrecking-block
- WAILA
- Witchery https://sites.google.com/site/witcherymod/
- Zelda Sword Skills http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/mapping-and-modding/minecraft-mods/1293190-zelda-sword-skills-1-7-10-v2-2-5c-updated-4-21